点患病率和延长禁欲措施在戒烟研究中产生相似的结果吗？系统评价。
Do point prevalence and prolonged abstinence measures produce similar results in smoking cessation studies? A systematic review.
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, University Health Center, Mailstop 482, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
出版信息
Nicotine Tob Res. 2010 Jul;12(7):756-62. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntq078. Epub 2010 May 26.
INTRODUCTION
Many smoking cessation trials report either prolonged abstinence (PA) rates (i.e., not smoking since a quit date, with or without a grace period) or point prevalence (PP) abstinence rates (i.e., no smoking one or more days prior to the follow-up), but how these two relate is unclear.
METHODS
We located 28 pharmacotherapy trials that provided 76 within-study comparisons of PA versus PP. The first two authors independently coded all trials.
RESULTS
The two measures were highly correlated (r = .88) and PA averaged 0.74 that of PP. Equations for converting PP to PA and vice versa produced estimations that, in 90% of cases, were within 4%-5% of actual PP or PA values. The odds ratio and the relative risk for active versus control were identical when PA and PP were used; however, the difference in proportion abstinent for active versus control was somewhat less when PA was used than when PP was used (8% vs. 10%).
DISCUSSION
We conclude that PA and PP are closely related and can be interconverted with moderate accuracy. They also produce similar effect sizes when odds ratio and relative risk are used as effect sizes. When absolute difference in percent abstinent is used as an effect size, PA produces a smaller effect size than PP. We believe trials should continue to report both PA and PP outcomes to enhance comparisons across studies.
简介
许多戒烟试验报告了延长的戒烟率（即自戒烟日期起不吸烟，无论是否有宽限期）或时点戒烟率（即随访前一天或多天不吸烟），但这两者之间的关系尚不清楚。
方法
我们找到了 28 项药物治疗试验，这些试验提供了 76 项关于 PA 与 PP 的内部研究比较。前两位作者独立对所有试验进行了编码。
结果
这两个指标高度相关（r =.88），PA 平均为 PP 的 0.74。将 PP 转换为 PA 以及相反的转换方程产生的估计值，在 90%的情况下，与实际的 PP 或 PA 值相差在 4%-5%以内。当使用 PA 和 PP 时，主动治疗与对照组的比值比和相对风险相同；然而，当使用 PA 时，主动治疗与对照组的戒烟比例差异略小于使用 PP 时（8%对 10%）。
讨论
我们得出结论，PA 和 PP 密切相关，可以进行适度准确的转换。当使用比值比和相对风险作为效应量时，它们也会产生相似的效应量。当使用绝对百分比差异作为效应量时，PA 产生的效应量小于 PP。我们认为，试验应继续报告 PA 和 PP 的结果，以增强研究之间的比较。
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