纳米氧化锌、块状氧化锌和离子态锌在土壤中对苜蓿植物与根瘤菌共生的比较植物毒性。
Comparative phytotoxicity of ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ionic zinc onto the alfalfa plants symbiotically associated with Sinorhizobium meliloti in soil.
机构信息
Environmental Science and Engineering PhD program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, United States; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, United States.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States.
出版信息
Sci Total Environ. 2015 May 15;515-516:60-9. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.014. Epub 2015 Feb 17.
ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are reported as potentially phytotoxic in hydroponic and soil media. However, studies on ZnO NPs toxicity in a plant inoculated with bacterium in soil are limited. In this study, ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ZnCl₂ were exposed to the symbiotic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-Sinorhizobium meliloti association at concentrations ranging from 0 to 750 mg/kg soil. Plant growth, Zn bioaccumulation, dry biomass, leaf area, total protein, and catalase (CAT) activity were measured in 30 day-old plants. Results showed 50% germination reduction by bulk ZnO at 500 and 750 mg/kg and all ZnCl₂ concentrations. ZnO NPs and ionic Zn reduced root and shoot biomass by 80% and 25%, respectively. Conversely, bulk ZnO at 750 mg/kg increased shoot and root biomass by 225% and 10%, respectively, compared to control. At 500 and 750 mg/kg, ZnCl₂ reduced CAT activity in stems and leaves. Total leaf protein significantly decreased as external ZnCl₂ concentration increased. STEM-EDX imaging revealed the presence of ZnO particles in the root, stem, leaf, and nodule tissues. ZnO NPs showed less toxicity compared to ZnCl₂ and bulk ZnO found to be growth enhancing on measured traits. These findings are significant to reveal the toxicity effects of different Zn species (NPs, bulk, and ionic Zn) into environmentally important plant-bacterial system in soil.
氧化锌纳米粒子（NPs）在水培和土壤介质中被报道为潜在的植物毒性物质。然而，在土壤中接种细菌的植物中研究 ZnO NPs 毒性的研究有限。在这项研究中，将 ZnO NPs、块状 ZnO 和 ZnCl₂ 暴露于共生的紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）-根瘤菌（Sinorhizobium meliloti）联合体中，浓度范围从 0 到 750mg/kg 土壤。在 30 天大的植物中测量了植物生长、Zn 生物积累、干生物量、叶面积、总蛋白和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性。结果表明，块状 ZnO 在 500 和 750mg/kg 以及所有 ZnCl₂ 浓度下导致 50%的发芽率降低。ZnO NPs 和离子 Zn 将根和茎生物量分别降低了 80%和 25%。相比之下，与对照相比，块状 ZnO 在 750mg/kg 时将茎和根生物量分别增加了 225%和 10%。在 500 和 750mg/kg 时，ZnCl₂ 降低了茎和叶中的 CAT 活性。随着外部 ZnCl₂浓度的增加，总叶蛋白显著减少。STEM-EDX 成像显示在根、茎、叶和根瘤组织中存在 ZnO 颗粒。与 ZnCl₂和块状 ZnO 相比，ZnO NPs 显示出较低的毒性，并且在测量的性状上发现具有促进生长的作用。这些发现对于揭示不同 Zn 物种（NPs、块状和离子 Zn）在土壤中对环境重要的植物-细菌系统的毒性影响具有重要意义。
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