控制病情：大脑中的慢性病毒感染与抗病毒免疫
Keeping it in check: chronic viral infection and antiviral immunity in the brain.
作者信息
Miller Katelyn D, Schnell Matthias J, Rall Glenn F
机构信息
Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Program in Blood Cell Development and Function, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA.
出版信息
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2016 Dec;17(12):766-776. doi: 10.1038/nrn.2016.140. Epub 2016 Nov 4.
It is becoming clear that the manner by which the immune response resolves or contains infection by a pathogen varies according to the tissue that is affected. Unlike many peripheral cell types, CNS neurons are generally non-renewable. Thus, the cytolytic and inflammatory strategies that are effective in controlling infections in the periphery could be damaging if deployed in the CNS. Perhaps for this reason, the immune response to some CNS viral infections favours maintenance of neuronal integrity and non-neurolytic viral control. This modified immune response - when combined with the unique anatomy and physiology of the CNS - provides an ideal environment for the maintenance of viral genomes, including those of RNA viruses. Therefore, it is possible that such viruses can reactivate long after initial viral exposure, contributing to CNS disease.
越来越明显的是，免疫反应解决或控制病原体感染的方式会因受影响的组织不同而有所差异。与许多外周细胞类型不同，中枢神经系统神经元通常不可再生。因此，在外周有效控制感染的细胞溶解和炎症策略如果应用于中枢神经系统可能会造成损害。也许正因如此，对某些中枢神经系统病毒感染的免疫反应倾向于维持神经元完整性和非神经溶解的病毒控制。这种经过调整的免疫反应——与中枢神经系统独特的解剖结构和生理功能相结合——为包括RNA病毒基因组在内的病毒基因组的维持提供了理想环境。因此，此类病毒有可能在初次接触病毒很久之后重新激活，从而引发中枢神经系统疾病。
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