季节性影响加纳北部学龄儿童的饮食多样性。
Seasonality affects dietary diversity of school-age children in northern Ghana.
作者信息
Abizari Abdul-Razak, Azupogo Fusta, Nagasu Miwako, Creemers Noortje, Brouwer Inge D
机构信息
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.
Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2017 Aug 14;12(8):e0183206. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183206. eCollection 2017.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Dietary diversity score (DDS) is relatively easy to measure and is shown to be a very useful indicator of the probability of adequate micronutrient intake. Dietary diversity, however, is usually assessed during a single period and little is known about the effect of seasonality on it. This study investigates whether dietary diversity is influenced by seasonality.
METHODS
Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in two different seasons-dry season (October 2010) and rainy season (May 2011) among the same school-age children (SAC) in two rural schools in northern Ghana. The study population consisted of 228 school-age children. A qualitative 24-hour dietary recall was conducted in both seasons. Based on 13 food groups, a score of 1 was given if a child consumed a food item belonging to a particular food group, else 0. Individual scores were aggregated into DDS for each child. Differences in mean DDS between seasons were compared using linear mixed model analysis.
RESULTS
The dietary pattern of the SAC was commonly plant foods with poor consumption of animal source foods. The mean DDS was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the rainy season (6.95 ± 0.55) compared to the dry season (6.44 ± 0.55) after adjusting for potential confounders such as age, sex, occupation (household head and mother) and education of household head. The difference in mean DDS between dry and rainy seasons was mainly due to the difference in the consumption of Vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables between the seasons. While vitamin A-rich fruits (64.0% vs. 0.9%; P < 0.0001) and vitamin A rich dark green leafy vegetables (52.6% vs. 23.3%, P < .0001) were consumed more during the rainy season than the dry season, more children consumed vitamin A-rich deep yellow, orange and red vegetables during the dry season than during the rainy season (73.7% vs. 36.4%, P <0.001).
CONCLUSION
Seasonality has an effect on DDS and may affect the quality of dietary intake of SAC; in such a context, it would be useful to measure DDS in different seasons. Since DDS is a proxy indicator of micronutrient intake, the difference in DDS may reflect in seasonal differences in dietary adequacy and further studies are needed to establish this.
背景与目的
饮食多样性评分（DDS）相对易于测量，并且已被证明是充足微量营养素摄入概率的一个非常有用的指标。然而，饮食多样性通常是在单个时间段内进行评估的，关于季节性对其的影响知之甚少。本研究调查饮食多样性是否受季节性影响。
方法
在加纳北部两所农村学校对同一批学龄儿童在两个不同季节——旱季（2010年10月）和雨季（2011年5月）进行了两次横断面调查。研究人群包括228名学龄儿童。在两个季节都进行了定性的24小时饮食回顾。基于13个食物组，如果儿童食用了属于某一特定食物组的食物项目则得1分，否则得0分。将每个儿童的个人得分汇总为饮食多样性评分。使用线性混合模型分析比较季节间饮食多样性评分均值的差异。
结果
学龄儿童的饮食模式通常以植物性食物为主，动物性食物摄入较少。在调整了年龄、性别、职业（户主和母亲）以及户主教育程度等潜在混杂因素后，雨季（6.95±0.55）的饮食多样性评分均值显著高于旱季（6.44±0.55）（P<0.001）。旱季和雨季饮食多样性评分均值的差异主要归因于不同季节富含维生素A的水果和蔬菜的消费量差异。虽然富含维生素A的水果（64.0%对0.9%；P<0.0001）和富含维生素A的深绿色叶菜（52.6%对23.3%，P<0.0001）在雨季的消费量高于旱季，但在旱季食用富含维生素A的深黄色、橙色和红色蔬菜的儿童比雨季更多（73.7%对36.4%，P<0.001）。
结论
季节性对饮食多样性评分有影响，可能会影响学龄儿童的饮食摄入质量；在这种情况下，在不同季节测量饮食多样性评分是有用的。由于饮食多样性评分是微量营养素摄入的替代指标，饮食多样性评分的差异可能反映出饮食充足性的季节性差异，需要进一步研究来证实这一点。
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