脑类器官作为人类神经发育和疾病的模型系统。
Brain organoids as a model system for human neurodevelopment and disease.
机构信息
University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; University of California San Diego, Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
出版信息
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2019 Nov;95:93-97. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.03.002. Epub 2019 Mar 23.
The ability to reproduce early stages of human neurodevelopment in the laboratory is one of the most exciting fields in modern neuroscience. The inaccessibility of the healthy human brain developing in utero has delayed our understanding of the initial steps in the formation of one of the most complex tissues in the body. Animal models, postmortem human tissues and cellular systems have been instrumental in contributing to our understanding of the human brain. However, all model systems have intrinsic limitations. The emerging field of brain organoids, which are three-dimensional self-assembled multicellular structures derived from human pluripotent stem cells, offers a promising complementary cellular model for the study of the human brain. Here, we will discuss the initial experiments that were the foundation for this emerging field, highlight recent uses of the technology and offer our perspective on future directions that might guide further exploratory experimentation to improve the human brain organoid model system.
在实验室中重现人类神经发育早期阶段的能力是现代神经科学最令人兴奋的领域之一。由于无法获得在子宫内发育的健康人类大脑，我们对这一体内最复杂组织之一形成的最初步骤的理解一直受到阻碍。动物模型、人死后的组织和细胞系统在帮助我们理解人类大脑方面发挥了重要作用。然而，所有模型系统都有其内在的局限性。脑类器官这一新兴领域，是源自人类多能干细胞的三维自组装多细胞结构，为研究人类大脑提供了一种有前途的互补细胞模型。在这里，我们将讨论为这个新兴领域奠定基础的最初实验，重点介绍该技术的最新用途，并提供我们对未来方向的看法，这些方向可能会指导进一步的探索性实验，以改进人类脑类器官模型系统。
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