鉴定具有抗静止期金黄色葡萄球菌活性的精油。
Identification of essential oils with activity against stationary phase Staphylococcus aureus.
机构信息
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
出版信息
BMC Complement Med Ther. 2020 Mar 24;20(1):99. doi: 10.1186/s12906-020-02898-4.
BACKGROUND
Staphylococcus aureus is the most dominant human pathogen, responsible for a variety of chronic and severe infections. There is mounting evidence that persisters are associated with treatment failure and relapse of persistent infections. While some essential oils were reported to have antimicrobial activity against growing S. aureus, activity of essential oils against the stationary phase S. aureus enriched in persisters has not been investigated.
METHODS
In this study, we evaluated the activity of 143 essential oils against both growing and stationary phase S. aureus by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing and by colony forming unit assay.
RESULTS
We identified 39 essential oils (Oregano, Cinnamon bark, Thyme white, Bandit "Thieves", Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus), Sandalwood oil, Health shield, Allspice, Amyris, Palmarosa, Cinnamon leaf, Clove bud, Citronella, Geranium bourbon, Marjoram, Peppermint, Lemongrass, Cornmint, Elemi, Ho wood, Head ease, Lemon eucalyptus, Litsea cubeba, Myrrh, Parsley seed, Coriander oil, Dillweed, Hyssop, Neroli, Rosewood oil, Tea tree, Cajeput, Clove bud, Lavender, Sleep tight, Vetiver, Palo santo, Sage oil, Yarrow) at 0.5% (v/v) concentration, 10 essential oils (Cinnamon bark, Oregano, Thyme white, Bandit "Thieves", Lemongrass, Sandalwood oil, Health shield, Allspice, Amyris, Palmarosa at 0.25% (v/v) concentration, and 7 essential oils (Oregano, Cinnamon bark, Thyme white, Lemongrass, Allspice, Amyris, Palmarosa at 0.125% (v/v) concentration to have high activity against stationary phase S. aureus with no visible growth on agar plates after five-day exposure. Among the 10 essential oils which showed high activity at 0.25% (v/v) concentration, 9 (Oregano, Cinnamon bark, Thyme white, Bandit "Thieves", Lemongrass, Health shield, Allspice, Palmarosa, Amyris showed higher activity than the known persister drug tosufloxacin, while Sandalwood oil had activity at a higher concentration. In Oregano essential oil combination studies with antibiotics, Oregano plus tosufloxacin (or levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin) and rifampin completely eradicated stationary phase S. aureus cells, but had no apparent enhancement for linezolid, vancomycin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, azithromycin or gentamicin.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that some essential oils have excellent activity against both growing and stationary phase S. aureus. Further studies are needed to identify the active components, evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics, and their activity to eradicate S. aureus infections in vivo.
背景
金黄色葡萄球菌是最主要的人类病原体，可导致多种慢性和严重感染。越来越多的证据表明，持留菌与治疗失败和持续性感染的复发有关。虽然一些精油被报道具有抗生长金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性，但对富含持留菌的静止期金黄色葡萄球菌的精油活性尚未进行研究。
方法
在这项研究中，我们通过最小抑菌浓度（MIC）测试和菌落形成单位测定来评估 143 种精油对生长和静止期金黄色葡萄球菌的活性。
结果
我们发现 39 种精油（牛至、肉桂皮、百里香白、强盗“小偷”、柠檬香茅、檀香油、健康盾牌、多香果、Amyris、香茅、肉桂叶、丁香花蕾、香茅、天竺葵、罗勒、香蜂草、香桃木、马郁兰、薄荷、柠檬草、Cornmint、 Elemi、 Ho 木、头部缓解、柠檬桉树、柠檬桉、Litsea cubeba、没药、Parsley seed、 Coriander oil、 Dillweed、Hyssop、Neroli、Rosewood oil、茶树、Cajeput、丁香花蕾、薰衣草、Sleep tight、Vetiver、Palo santo、Sage oil、Yarrow）在 0.5%（v/v）浓度下，10 种精油（肉桂皮、牛至、百里香白、强盗“小偷”、柠檬香茅、檀香油、健康盾牌、多香果、Amyris、香茅）在 0.25%（v/v）浓度下，7 种精油（牛至、肉桂皮、百里香白、柠檬香茅、多香果、Amyris、香茅）在 0.125%（v/v）浓度下对静止期金黄色葡萄球菌具有高活性，在琼脂平板上培养五天后无明显生长。在显示出 0.25%（v/v）浓度下高活性的 10 种精油中，9 种（牛至、肉桂皮、百里香白、柠檬香茅、健康盾牌、多香果、香茅、Amyris）的活性高于已知的持留菌药物托氟沙星，而檀香油则在更高的浓度下具有活性。在牛至精油与抗生素的联合研究中，牛至加托氟沙星（或左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星）和利福平完全根除静止期金黄色葡萄球菌细胞，但对利奈唑胺、万古霉素、磺胺甲恶唑、甲氧苄啶、阿奇霉素或庆大霉素没有明显增强作用。
结论
我们的研究结果表明，一些精油对生长和静止期金黄色葡萄球菌均具有良好的活性。需要进一步研究以确定活性成分、评估安全性、药代动力学以及它们在体内根除金黄色葡萄球菌感染的活性。
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