[吸烟对孕前男性精子质量和精浆活性氧的影响]

Bao Hua-Qiong, Sun Lan, Yang Xue-Niu, Ding Jie, Ma Shi-Yuan, Yang Liu, Xu Xiao-Ou

Center of Reproduction, The Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Institute for Population and Family Planning / Key Laboratory of Chongqing for Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing 400020, China.

Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2019;25(1):41-45.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the influence of cigarette smoking on sperm quality and ROS in the seminal plasma of preconception males in Chongqing so as to provide some guidance for preconception couples.

METHODS

Totally, 368 preconception males were enrolled in this study, including 196 smokers and 172 non-smokers, and the former divided into mild smokers (n = 88, ≤9 cigarettes per day for ≤5 years) and moderate to heavy smokers (n = 108, ≥10 cigarettes per day for ≥5 years or ≤9 cigarettes per day for ≥10 years). All the subjects underwent physical examination, medical history interview, health questionnaire investigation, and determination of semen parameters, ROS in the seminal plasma and sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI).

RESULTS

Among the 368 preconception males, 53.26% had a history of cigarette smoking, of whom 29.35% were moderate to heavy smokers. Only 55.4% of the subjects were found with normal sperm morphology and 52.6% with normal sperm progressive motility. Compared with the non-smokers, the moderate to heavy smokers showed significantly decreased semen volume (［3.33 ± 1.20］ vs ［2.78 ± 1.08］ ml, P < 0.05), sperm concentration (［88.19 ± 70.33］ vs ［75.16 ± 60.13］ × 10⁶/ml, P < 0.05), and percentages of progressively motile sperm (PMS, ［36.58 ± 13.90］ % vs ［32.18 ± 15.24］ %, P < 0.05) and morphologically normal sperm (MNS, ［3.85 ± 1.93］ % vs ［3.52 ± 1.58］ %, P < 0.05), but increased sperm DFI (［10.45 ± 8.53］ % vs ［14.53 ± 12.85］ %, P < 0.05) and ROS in the seminal plasma (［12.20 ± 8.10］ vs ［24.10 ± 18.50］ nmol/mg prot, P < 0.05). Cigarette smoking was correlated positively with the ROS level in the seminal plasma (r = 0.235, P < 0.05), while the ROS level of the smokers negatively with the total sperm count (r = －136, P < 0.05), PMS (r = －0.381, P < 0.01) and MNS (r = －0.218, P < 0.01), but positively with sperm DFI in the preconception males (r = 0.387, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Cigarette smoking can increase the ROS level in the seminal plasma, decrease the total sperm count and sperm progressive motility, and induce sperm malformation and sperm DNA fragmentation in preconception males.

目的

探讨吸烟对重庆地区孕前男性精液质量及精浆中活性氧（ROS）的影响，为孕前夫妇提供指导。

方法

本研究共纳入368例孕前男性，其中吸烟者196例，非吸烟者172例，吸烟者又分为轻度吸烟者（n = 88，每日吸烟≤9支，吸烟年限≤5年）和中度至重度吸烟者（n = 108，每日吸烟≥10支，吸烟年限≥5年或每日吸烟≤9支，吸烟年限≥10年）。所有研究对象均接受体格检查、病史询问、健康问卷调查，并检测精液参数、精浆中ROS及精子DNA碎片指数（DFI）。

结果

368例孕前男性中，53.26%有吸烟史，其中29.35%为中度至重度吸烟者。仅55.4%的研究对象精子形态正常，52.6%精子前向运动正常。与非吸烟者相比，中度至重度吸烟者精液量显著降低（［3.33 ± 1.20］ vs ［2.78 ± 1.08］ ml，P < 0.05）、精子浓度降低（［88.19 ± 70.33］ vs ［75.16 ± 60.13］×10⁶/ml，P < 0.05）、前向运动精子百分比（PMS，［36.58 ± 13.90］% vs ［32.18 ± 15.24］%，P < 0.05）及形态正常精子百分比（MNS，［3.85 ± 1.93］% vs ［3.52 ± 1.58］%，P < 0.05）降低，但精子DFI升高（［10.45 ± 8.53］% vs ［14.53 ± 12.85］%，P < 0.05），精浆中ROS升高（［12.20 ± 8.10］ vs ［24.10 ± 18.50］ nmol/mg prot，P < 0.05）。吸烟与精浆中ROS水平呈正相关（r = 0.235，P < 0.05），吸烟者的ROS水平与精子总数（r = －136，P < 0.05）、PMS（r = －0.381，P < 0.01）及MNS（r = －0.218，P < 0.01）呈负相关，但与孕前男性精子DFI呈正相关（r = 0.387，P < 0.01）。