Love the ones you're with: Characteristics and behaviour of Maryland pets and their owners in relation to tick encounters.

We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate associations between pet characteristics and behaviours and risk of tick encounters among pets and pet owners. We defined a tick encounter as ticks found crawling on or attached to a pet or pet owner. Information about pet characteristics, interactions between owners and pets, and tick encounters were captured through an online survey. Associations were evaluated using univariate and multivariable analyses. In univariate analysis, walking dogs only on pavement reduced risk of tick encounter among owners (prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.30, 0.84). Having a dog or cat that hunted small animals increased risk of tick encounter among owners (PR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.30, 2.13; PR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.34, respectively). No direct interactions between owners and pets (e.g., pets sleeping on owners' beds) were associated with increased risk of tick encounters among owners. In multivariable analysis among dog owners, having a pet with a tick encounter within the last six months was associated with increased risk of owner tick encounter (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 4.17, 95% CI: 2.94, 5.92); in addition, having a dog that hunts small animals was associated with increased risk of owner tick encounter (aOR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.25, 3.11). These results suggest that the location of pet-owner interactions may be more important than the type of interactions. Pet owners should avoid tick habitat with pets; when that is not possible, proper use of tick preventive products for pets, wearing repellents by owners and conducting tick checks for both pets and owners is critical for prevention of tick encounters and tick-borne disease.