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非卫生保健工作场所 COVID-19 预防的强制性和自愿性职业使用危害控制措施 - 美国,2020 年 6 月。

Required and Voluntary Occupational Use of Hazard Controls for COVID-19 Prevention in Non-Health Care Workplaces - United States, June 2020.

机构信息

Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC.

出版信息

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Feb 19;70(7):250-253. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7007a5.

Abstract

Certain hazard controls, including physical barriers, cloth face masks, and other personal protective equipment (PPE), are recommended to reduce coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) transmission in the workplace (1). Evaluation of occupational hazard control use for COVID-19 prevention can identify inadequately protected workers and opportunities to improve use. CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health used data from the June 2020 SummerStyles survey to characterize required and voluntary use of COVID-19-related occupational hazard controls among U.S. non-health care workers. A survey-weighted regression model was used to estimate the association between employer provision of hazard controls and voluntary use, and stratum-specific adjusted risk differences (aRDs) among workers reporting household incomes <250% and ≥250% of national poverty thresholds were estimated to assess effect modification by income. Approximately one half (45.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 41.0%-50.3%) of non-health care workers reported use of hazard controls in the workplace, 55.5% (95% CI = 48.8%-62.2%) of whom reported employer requirements to use them. After adjustment for occupational group and proximity to others at work, voluntary use was approximately double, or 22.3 absolute percentage points higher, among workers who were provided hazard controls than among those who were not. This effect was more apparent among lower-income (aRD = 31.0%) than among higher-income workers (aRD = 16.3%). Employers can help protect workers from COVID-19 by requiring and encouraging use of occupational hazard controls and providing hazard controls to employees (1).

摘要

某些危险控制措施,包括物理屏障、布面口罩和其他个人防护设备(PPE),被推荐用于减少工作场所 2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的传播(1)。评估职业危害控制措施在 COVID-19 预防中的使用情况,可以发现防护不足的工人,并为改进措施提供机会。美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)国家职业安全与健康研究所(NIOSH)利用 2020 年 6 月夏季调查(SummerStyles)的数据,描述了美国非医护人员使用与 COVID-19 相关的职业危害控制措施的情况,包括必须使用和自愿使用的情况。采用调查加权回归模型估计雇主提供危险控制措施与自愿使用之间的关联,并估计报告家庭收入低于或等于全国贫困线 250%的工人之间的分层调整风险差异(aRD),以评估收入对效应修饰的影响。大约有一半(45.6%;95%置信区间[CI] = 41.0%-50.3%)的非医护人员报告在工作场所使用危险控制措施,其中 55.5%(95% CI = 48.8%-62.2%)的人报告雇主要求使用这些措施。在调整职业组别和与他人在工作中的距离后,与未获得危险控制措施的工人相比,获得危险控制措施的工人自愿使用危险控制措施的比例约高两倍(绝对差异增加 22.3 个百分点)。这种效应在收入较低的工人中更为明显(aRD = 31.0%),而在收入较高的工人中则不太明显(aRD = 16.3%)。雇主可以通过要求和鼓励使用职业危害控制措施并向员工提供危害控制措施来帮助保护工人免受 COVID-19 的侵害(1)。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ba86/7891693/d7fa3f1d9f06/mm7007a5-F.jpg

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