Sequence-dependent recruitment of SRSF1 and SRSF7 to intronless lncRNA NKILA promotes nuclear export via the TREX/TAP pathway.

The TREX-TAP pathway is vital for mRNA export. For spliced mRNA, the TREX complex is recruited during splicing; however, for intronless mRNA, recruitment is sequence dependent. However, the export of cytoplasmic long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is poorly characterized. We report the identification of a cytoplasmic accumulation region (CAR-N) in the intronless lncRNA, NKILA. CAR-N removal led to strong nuclear retention of NKILA, and CAR-N insertion promoted the export of cDNA transcripts. In vitro RNP purification via CAR-N, mass spectrometry, and siRNA screening revealed that SRSF1 and SRSF7 were vital to NKILA export, and identified a cluster of SRSF1/7 binding sites within a 55 nucleotide sequence in CAR-N. Significant nuclear enrichment of NKILA was observed for NKILA lacking CAR-N or the cluster of binding sites in knock-in models. Depletion of TREX-TAP pathway components resulted in strong nuclear retention of NKILA. RNA and protein immunoprecipitation verified that SRSF1/7 were bound to NKILA and interacted with UAP56 and ALYREF. Moreover, NKILA lacking CAR-N was unable to inhibit breast cancer cell migration. We concluded that the binding of SRSF1/7 to clustered motifs in CAR-N facilitated TREX recruitment, promoting the export of NKILA, and confirmed the importance of NKILA localization to its function.