气胸：分类和病因。

Pneumothorax: Classification and Etiology.

机构信息

Department of Pulmonology, Serdang Hospital, Kajang, Malaysia.

Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia.

出版信息

Clin Chest Med. 2021 Dec;42(4):711-727. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2021.08.007.

DOI:10.1016/j.ccm.2021.08.007

PMID:34774177

Abstract

Pneumothorax is a common problem worldwide. Pneumothorax develops secondary to diverse aetiologies; in many cases, there may be no recognizable lung abnormality. The pathogenetic mechanism(s) causing spontaneous pneumothorax may be related to an interplay between lung-related abnormalities and environmental factors such as smoking. Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for primary spontaneous pneumothorax; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is most frequently associated with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. This review article provides an overview of the historical perspective, epidemiology, classification, and aetiology of pneumothorax. It also aims to highlight current knowledge and understanding of underlying risks and pathophysiological mechanisms in pneumothorax development.

摘要

气胸是一种全球性的常见问题。气胸由多种病因引起；在许多情况下，可能没有可识别的肺部异常。导致自发性气胸的发病机制可能与肺部相关异常和环境因素（如吸烟）之间的相互作用有关。吸烟是原发性自发性气胸的主要危险因素；慢性阻塞性肺疾病最常与继发性自发性气胸有关。本文综述了气胸的历史背景、流行病学、分类和病因。它还旨在强调目前对气胸发展中潜在风险和病理生理机制的认识和理解。