老年人的多维健康素养概况与健康相关行为：一项横断面调查。
Multidimensional health literacy profiles and health-related behaviors in the elderly: A cross-sectional survey.
作者信息
Xie Ying, An Wenhong, Zheng Chunyuan, Zhao Di, Wang Honghong
机构信息
Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
School of Health and Wellness, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, Sichuan, China.
出版信息
Int J Nurs Sci. 2022 Mar 3;9(2):203-210. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2022.02.007. eCollection 2022 Apr.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate health literacy profiles using a multidimensional tool in the elderly, analyze the factors related to health literacy, and explore the relationships between health literacy and health-related behaviors.
METHODS
A cross-sectional survey including 440 participants was conducted at a community health center and a village health center in Changsha, Hunan Province, between June 2020 and August 2020. We used the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) to assess the elderly's health literacy. Sociodemographic data and health-related behaviors of them were surveyed with a self-designed questionnaire. Latent profile analysis, Pearson's chi-squared and ordinal logistic regression were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
The median age of the 440 respondents was 68 years. The participants had the lowest scores in the "appraisal of health information" subscale (2.22 ± 0.52), followed by "navigating the healthcare system" subscale (2.89 ± 0.81) of HLQ. Based on the analysis of three profiles, respondents who were 60-74 years ( = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.23-3.42, = 0.006), living in urban areas ( = 3.28, 95% CI: 2.17-4.94, < 0.001), with secondary education or above ( = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.92-4.27, < 0.001), and having health insurance ( = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.02-3.51, = 0.042) were significantly associated with health literacy. Statistically significant associations were found between health literacy level and health-related behaviors, including medical service-seeking behavior ( = 25.14, < 0.001), exercising regularly ( = 34.08, < 0.001), and taking a medical examination in the past 12 months ( = 24.76, < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The multidimensional health literacy survey has identified the low health literacy level among the elderly in community settings. It revealed the relationships of sociodemographic characteristics, including age, education level and residence, with health literacy. These findings emphasized the importance of health literacy in promoting health behaviors, guiding a profound understanding of the Chinese elderly's health needs and health literacy to develop community-based health promotion interventions.
目的
使用多维工具调查老年人的健康素养状况，分析与健康素养相关的因素，并探讨健康素养与健康相关行为之间的关系。
方法
2020年6月至2020年8月期间，在湖南省长沙市的一个社区卫生中心和一个村卫生中心对440名参与者进行了横断面调查。我们使用健康素养问卷（HLQ）来评估老年人的健康素养。通过自行设计的问卷对他们的社会人口学数据和健康相关行为进行了调查。采用潜在剖面分析、Pearson卡方检验和有序逻辑回归对数据进行分析。
结果
440名受访者的年龄中位数为68岁。参与者在HLQ的“健康信息评估”子量表中的得分最低（2.22±0.52），其次是“医疗系统导航”子量表（2.89±0.81）。基于对三种剖面的分析，60 - 74岁的受访者（β = 2.06，95%置信区间：1.23 - 3.42，P = 0.006）、居住在城市地区的受访者（β = 3.28，95%置信区间：2.17 - 4.94，P < 0.001）、具有中等及以上教育水平的受访者（β = 2.86，95%置信区间：1.92 - 4.27，P < 0.001）以及拥有健康保险的受访者（β = 1.89，95%置信区间：1.02 - 3.51 , P = 0.042）与健康素养显著相关。在健康素养水平与健康相关行为之间发现了具有统计学意义的关联，包括就医行为（χ² = 25.14，P < 0.001）、定期锻炼（χ² = 34.08，P < 0.001）以及在过去12个月内进行体检（χ² = 24.76，P < 0.001）。
结论
多维健康素养调查揭示了社区环境中老年人健康素养水平较低的情况。它揭示了社会人口学特征（包括年龄、教育水平和居住地点）与健康素养之间的关系。这些发现强调了健康素养在促进健康行为方面的重要性，有助于深入了解中国老年人的健康需求和健康素养，从而制定基于社区的健康促进干预措施。
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