Recent advances in the potential role of RNA N4-acetylcytidine in cancer progression.

N-acetylcytidine (acC) is a highly conserved chemical modification widely found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA, such as tRNA, rRNA, and mRNA. This modification is significantly associated with various human diseases, especially cancer, and its formation depends on the catalytic activity of N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), the only known protein that produces acC. This review discusses the detection techniques and regulatory mechanisms of acC and summarizes acC correlation with tumor occurrence, development, prognosis, and drug therapy. It also comments on a new biomarker for early tumor diagnosis and prognosis prediction and a new target for tumor therapy. Video Abstract.