老年人的体重指数、心肺适能和性别与认知功能的交互关系。
Interactive Relations of Body Mass Index, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Sex to Cognitive Function in Older Adults.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC, USA.
出版信息
Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2024 Oct 25;39(7):787-799. doi: 10.1093/arclin/acae018.
OBJECTIVE
The course of cognitive aging is influenced by multiple health factors. This cross-sectional study investigated the interactive relations between body mass index (BMI), maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), and sex on neuropsychological outcomes in community-dwelling predominantly older adults.
METHODS
Participants were 164 healthy adults [M (SD) = 64.6 (12.5) years, 56% men, 87% white] who participated in an investigation of cardiovascular risk factors and brain health. Multivariable regression analysis, adjusted for age, education, ethnicity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and depression, examined the interactive relations of BMI, VO2max, and sex to multiple neuropsychological outcomes.
RESULTS
Significant BMIVO2maxsex interactions for Grooved Pegboard dominant (p = .019) and nondominant (p = .005) hands revealed that men with lower VO2max (l/min) displayed worse performance with each hand as BMI increased (p's < .02). A significant BMI*sex interaction for Logical Memory-Delayed Recall (p = .036) (after adjustment for blood glucose) showed that men, but not women, with higher BMI demonstrated worse performance (p = .036). Lastly, significant main effects indicated that lower VO2max was related to poorer logical memory, and higher BMI was associated with poorer Trail Making B and Stroop interference scores (p's < .05).
CONCLUSIONS
Among men, higher cardiorespiratory fitness may protect against the negative impact of greater BMI on manual dexterity and motor speed, making VO2max a target for intervention. Higher BMI is further associated with poorer executive function and verbal memory (in men), and lower VO2max is associated with poorer verbal memory.
目的
认知衰老的过程受到多种健康因素的影响。本横断面研究调查了身体质量指数（BMI）、最大摄氧量（VO2max）和性别在社区居住的主要老年人群体的神经心理学结果中的相互关系。
方法
参与者为 164 名健康成年人[M（SD）=64.6（12.5）岁，56%为男性，87%为白人]，他们参与了心血管风险因素和大脑健康的调查。多变量回归分析，调整了年龄、教育、种族、吸烟、饮酒和抑郁等因素，考察了 BMI、VO2max 和性别对多种神经心理学结果的交互关系。
结果
在使用惯用手和非惯用手的滚木钉板测试中，BMIVO2max性别交互作用显著（p=.019 和 p=.005），结果表明，低 VO2max（l/min）的男性随着 BMI 的增加，每只手的表现都会变差（p 值均<.02）。逻辑记忆延迟回忆的 BMI*性别交互作用显著（p=.036）（在调整血糖后），结果表明，高 BMI 的男性，而不是女性，表现更差（p=.036）。最后，显著的主效应表明，低 VO2max 与逻辑记忆较差有关，而高 BMI 与 Trail Making B 和 Stroop 干扰评分较差有关（p 值均<.05）。
结论
在男性中，较高的心肺适能可能会减轻 BMI 增加对手工灵巧和运动速度的负面影响，使 VO2max 成为干预的目标。较高的 BMI 还与执行功能和言语记忆较差有关（男性），而较低的 VO2max 与言语记忆较差有关。
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