The mechanism of ITGB4 in tumor migration and invasion.

Integrin β4 (ITGB4) is a transmembrane protein that functions as a mechanosensor, mediating the bidirectional exchange of information between the intracellular and extracellular matrices. ITGB4 plays a critical role in cell adhesion, migration, and signaling. Numerous studies have implicated ITGB4 as a key facilitator of tumor migration and invasion. This review provides a foundational description of the mechanisms by which ITGB4 regulates tumor migration and invasion through pathways involving focal adhesion kinase (FAK), protein kinase B (AKT), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These mechanisms encompass epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), phosphorylation, and methylation of associated molecules. Additionally, this review explores the role of ITGB4 in the migration and invasion of prevalent clinical tumors, including those of the digestive system, breast, and prostate.