Kin discrimination causes plastic responses in floral and clonal allocation.

The composition of a plant's neighbourhood shapes its competitive interactions. Neighbours may be related individuals due to limited seed dispersal or clonal growth, so that the ability to recognize and respond to the presence of kin is beneficial. Here, we ask whether plants plastically adjust their floral and clonal allocation in response to their neighbour's identity. In a species that reproduces both sexually and clonally, we test the following predictions in response to neighbouring kin: (i) a reduction in floral display will occur to minimize costly floral structures and pollinator competition, as well as to mitigate inbreeding; and (ii) a decrease in clonality will occur to minimize resource competition and overcrowding among kin. We grew focal individuals of (syn. ) surrounded by neighbours of varying relatedness (non-kin, outcross siblings or self siblings) and measured a suite of vegetative, floral and clonal traits. Consistent with our predictions, focal plants reduced floral and clonal allocation in the presence of kin. Moreover, focal plants increased their floral and clonal allocation when surrounded by non-kin neighbours that were high-performing. Together, we demonstrate a clear and predictable response to kin, which has general implications for the structure and function of plant neighbourhoods.