1990年至2021年全球儿童和青少年头痛疾病的流行病学及负担
Global epidemiology and burden of headache disorders in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2021.
作者信息
Lu Guangshuang, Xiao Shaobo, Wang Yun, Jia Qiujie, Liu Shengnan, Yu Shengyuan, Liu Ruozhuo, Yang Wu
机构信息
Department of Pediatrics, The Lu'an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, The Lu'an People's Hospital, Lu'an, China.
920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army of China, Kunming, China.
出版信息
Headache. 2025 Apr 2. doi: 10.1111/head.14937.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to present an updated epidemiological overview of headache disorders among children and adolescents, utilizing the latest data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021.
BACKGROUND
Large-sample epidemiological studies on headache disorders in children and adolescents have been limited due to their demographic uniqueness, with previous GBD studies rarely focusing on this age group, until the GBD 2021 study provided a significant update.
METHODS
A secondary analysis of headache disorder data from the GBD 2021 for individuals aged 0-<20 years was conducted. The analysis focused on estimating the prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), as well as the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs). Data from 204 countries and regions, stratified by sociodemographic index (SDI), were included to assess variations in headache disorder metrics across different age groups, sexes, and socioeconomic settings.
RESULTS
Between 1990 and 2021, the global prevalence, incidence, and DALYs of headache disorders in children and adolescents rose by 22.79% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 21.68-23.82%), 5.21% (95% UI 4.26-6.10%), and 24.27% (95% UI 20.35-26.91%) per 100,000 population, respectively. In 2021, 545,824,485 (95% UI 448,777,920-641,644,106) children and adolescents were affected, with a prevalence of 20.71% (95% UI 17.03-24.34%). Migraine affected 205,729,235 (95% UI 158,825,540-265,306,014) with a prevalence of 7.81%, and tension-type headache (TTH) affected 394,543,039 (95% UI 300,611,322-499,598,953) with a prevalence of 14.97%. The DALYs totaled 8,102,465 (95% UI 716,310-19,266,508), with migraine at 7,515,775 (95% UI 486,575-18,715,548), and TTH at 586,690 (95% UI 94,646-2,924,761). The 15-19 years age group had the highest prevalence (41.38%, 95% UI 32.73-50.58%), while the 10-14 years age group had the highest incidence (12.75%, 95% UI 9.09-16.72%). High SDI regions had the highest prevalence and DALYs; however, low-middle SDI regions experienced the fastest growth. Brazil had the highest prevalence (30.55%, 95% UI 26.44-34.65%); India had the most DALYs (1,716,049, 95% UI 138,743-4,051,479); the Northern Mariana Islands had the largest prevalence increase (EAPC 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67-1.26), and Norway had the highest DALYs increase (EAPC 1.31, 95% CI 0.98-1.64).
CONCLUSIONS
Headache disorders in children and adolescents are emerging as critical public health challenges, especially in regions where resources are limited. It is essential to strengthen public health education and advocate for evidence-based strategies to reduce the burden.
目的
我们旨在利用《2021年全球疾病负担》（GBD 2021）的最新数据，呈现儿童和青少年头痛障碍的最新流行病学概况。
背景
由于儿童和青少年人群的独特性，关于该年龄段头痛障碍的大样本流行病学研究一直有限，以往的GBD研究很少关注这个年龄组，直到GBD 2021研究提供了重大更新。
方法
对GBD 2021中0至<20岁个体的头痛障碍数据进行二次分析。该分析重点在于估计患病率、发病率和伤残调整生命年（DALYs），以及估计年变化百分比（EAPCs）。纳入了来自204个国家和地区的数据，并按社会人口指数（SDI）进行分层，以评估不同年龄组、性别和社会经济环境中头痛障碍指标的差异。
结果
1990年至2021年间，儿童和青少年头痛障碍的全球患病率、发病率和DALYs分别以每10万人口计算增长了22.79%（95%不确定区间[UI] 21.68 - 23.82%）、5.21%（95% UI 4.26 - 6.10%）和24.27%（95% UI 20.35 - 26.91%）。2021年，545,824,485名（95% UI 448,777,920 - 641,644,106）儿童和青少年受到影响，患病率为20.71%（95% UI 17.03 - 24.34%）。偏头痛影响了205,729,235名（95% UI 158,825,540 - 265,306,014），患病率为7.81%，紧张型头痛（TTH）影响了394,543,039名（95% UI 300,611,322 - 499,598,953），患病率为14.97%。DALYs总计8,102,465（95% UI 716,310 - 19,266,508），其中偏头痛为7,515,775（95% UI 486,575 - 18,715,答案：
目的
我们旨在利用《2021年全球疾病负担》（GBD 2021）的最新数据，呈现儿童和青少年头痛障碍的最新流行病学概况。
背景
由于儿童和青少年人群的独特性，关于该年龄段头痛障碍的大样本流行病学研究一直有限，以往的GBD研究很少关注这个年龄组，直到GBD 2021研究提供了重大更新。
方法
对GBD 2021中0至<20岁个体的头痛障碍数据进行二次分析。该分析重点在于估计患病率、发病率和伤残调整生命年（DALYs），以及估计年变化百分比（EAPCs）。纳入了来自204个国家和地区的数据，并按社会人口指数（SDI）进行分层，以评估不同年龄组、性别和社会经济环境中头痛障碍指标的差异。
结果
1990年至2021年间，儿童和青少年头痛障碍的全球患病率、发病率和DALYs分别以每10万人口计算增长了22.79%（95%不确定区间[UI] 21.68 - 23.82%）、5.21%（95% UI 4.26 - 6.10%）和24.27%（95% UI 20.35 - 26.91%）。2021年，545,824,485名（95% UI 448,777,920 - 641,64,106）儿童和青少年受到影响，患病率为20.71%（95% UI 17.03 - 24.34%）。偏头痛影响了205,729,235名（95% UI 158,825,540 - 265,306,014），患病率为7.81%，紧张型头痛（TTH）影响了394,543,039名（95% UI 300,611,322 - 499,598,953），患病率为14.97%。DALYs总计8,102,465（95% UI 716,310 - 19,266,508），其中偏头痛为7,515,775（95% UI 486,575 - 18,715,548），TTH为586,690（95% UI 94,646 - 2,924,761）。15 - 19岁年龄组患病率最高（41.38%，95% UI 32.73 - 50.58%），而10 - 14岁年龄组发病率最高（12.75%，95% UI 9.09 - 16.72%）。高SDI地区患病率和DALYs最高；然而，中低SDI地区增长最快。巴西患病率最高（30.55%，95% UI 26.44 - 34.6,508），TTH为586,690（95% UI 94,646 - 2,924,761）。15 - 19岁年龄组患病率最高（41.38%，95% UI 32.73 - 50.58%），而10 - 14岁年龄组发病率最高（12.75%，95% UI 9.09 - 16.72%）。高SDI地区患病率和DALYs最高；然而中低SDI地区增长最快。巴西患病率最高（30.55%，95% UI 26.44 - 34.65%）；印度DALYs最多（1,716,049，95% UI 138,743 - 4,051,479）；北马里亚纳群岛患病率增长最大（EAPC 0.97，95%置信区间[CI] 0.67 - 1.26），挪威DALYs增长最高（EAPC 1.3,5%）；印度DALYs最多（1,716,049，95% UI 138,743 - 4,051,479）；北马里亚纳群岛患病率增长最大（EAPC 0.97，95%置信区间[CI] 0.67 - 1.26），挪威DALYs增长最高（EAPC 1.31，95% CI 0.98 - 1.64）。
结论
儿童和青少年头痛障碍正成为关键的公共卫生挑战，尤其是在资源有限的地区。加强公共卫生教育并倡导基于证据的策略以减轻负担至关重要。
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