Anti-inflammatory polyketides from derived endophytic fungus sp. TX-09.

Four new lactones, including hypomonacid A () and hypomonone A-C (), as well as nine known polyketide analogues ( and ) were obtained from endophytic fungus sp. TX-09 derived from . Their planar structures were extensively established by analysing HRESIMS and NMR spectroscopic data. Stereochemistry of new compounds was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis and modified Mosher's method in combination with quantum-chemical ECD calculation. In addition, compounds and showed anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells at 50 μmol/L without cytotoxicity. Among them, compound inhibited the production of LPS-stimulated inflammation in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells by suppressing the expression of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6.