德国欧洲刺猬（ Erinaceus europaeus ）的体内寄生虫及其人畜共患病潜力：提议将基因鉴定为鼬毛细首线虫的卵圆毛细线虫认定为鼬毛细首线虫。

Endoparasites of European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) in Germany and their zoonotic potential: proposed Capillaria ovoreticulata genetically identified as Capillaria putorii.

作者信息

Schütte Karolin, Springer Andrea, Brandes Florian, Reuschel Maximilian, Fehr Michael, Kern Angela, Strube Christina

机构信息

Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany.

Wildlife Rescue and Conservation Center Sachsenhagen, Sachsenhagen, Germany.

出版信息

Parasit Vectors. 2025 Jun 7;18(1):214. doi: 10.1186/s13071-025-06858-0.

DOI:10.1186/s13071-025-06858-0

PMID:40483430

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12145657/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) are frequently infected with a variety of endoparasites. The hedgehogs' synanthropic lifestyle results in frequent contact with pets and humans, posing the risk of parasite spillover from a One Health perspective.

METHODS

The present study assessed the endoparasite fauna and excretion intensity of 531 European hedgehogs presented at wildlife rehabilitation centres in Germany. Faecal samples were examined by the combined sedimentation-flotation method, the Baermann technique and FASTest® CRYPTO-GIARDIA Strips (MEGACOR Diagnostik GmbH) from July 2018 to May 2021. Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. positive samples were further differentiated via amplification of the 60 kDa glycoprotein gene and the β-giardin gene, respectively. In addition, molecular identification of adult intestinal Capillaria spp. and Acanthocephala spp. was achieved via the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox-1) gene. Article title: Kindly check and confirm the edit made in the article title. The article title has been checked and the edit made is confirmed.

RESULTS

Endoparasite prevalence was 95.5% (507/531). The most frequently detected helminth species was Crenosoma striatum (77.6%, [412/531]), followed by Capillaria erinacei (68.2%, [362/531]), Capillaria putorii (68.2%, [362/531]), Capillaria aerophila (26.7%, [142/531]), Brachylaemus erinacei (5.1%, [27/531]), undetermined trematode eggs (0.2% [1/531]) and Hymenolepis nana (0.2%, [1/531]). Detected protozoans included coccidia (12.8%, [68/531]), Cryptosporidium spp. (11.9%, [63/531]) and Giardia spp. (1.3%, [7/531]). Acanthocephala spp. were present in 1.5% (8/531) of samples, and two examined specimens were molecularly identified as Plagiorhynchus cylindraceus. Infections with C. aerophila showed a significant seasonal pattern and a negative correlation with bodyweight. For the remaining parasites, no significant associations with age, bodyweight, survival or seasonality were observed. Molecular typing revealed the presence of Cryptosporidium parvum subtype IIa prevalence of 2.1%, [11/531]), IIc (0.9%, [5/531]) and IId (0.6%, [3/531]), Cryptosporidium erinacei subtype XIIIa (6.1%, [33/531]) and XIIIb (0.2%, [1/531]), and Giardia duodenalis (sub)assemblage A(1) (1.3%, [7/531]).

CONCLUSIONS

The hedgehogs showed high infection rates with pulmonary and gastrointestinal helminths. Molecular analysis clarified the species distribution of the gastrointestinal Capillaria, consisting of C. erinacei and C. putorii, disproving the existence of the previously described Capillaria ovoreticulata. Furthermore, molecular typing of Cryptosporidium and Giardia spp. revealed zoonotic subtypes and (sub)assemblages. In addition, C. aerophila and H. nana may infect humans. Therefore, precautionary measures should be taken when handling hedgehogs to mitigate the zoonotic risk.

摘要

背景

欧洲刺猬（ Erinaceus europaeus ）经常感染多种体内寄生虫。刺猬与人类共生的生活方式导致它们频繁接触宠物和人类，从“同一健康”的角度来看，存在寄生虫溢出的风险。

方法

本研究评估了德国野生动物康复中心收治的531只欧洲刺猬的体内寄生虫种类和排泄强度。2018年7月至2021年5月期间，采用沉淀浮选联合法、贝尔曼法和FASTest® CRYPTO - GIARDIA试纸条（MEGACOR Diagnostik GmbH）对粪便样本进行检测。隐孢子虫属和贾第虫属阳性样本分别通过扩增60 kDa糖蛋白基因和β -贾第蛋白基因进一步鉴别。此外，通过线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶亚基1（cox - 1）基因对成年肠道毛细线虫属和棘头虫属进行分子鉴定。文章标题：请检查并确认文章标题中的编辑。文章标题已检查，所做编辑已确认。

结果

体内寄生虫感染率为95.5%（507/531）。最常检测到的蠕虫种类是纹管圆线虫（77.6%，[412/531]），其次是刺猬毛细线虫（68.2%，[362/531]）、鼬毛细线虫（68.2%，[362/531]）、嗜气毛细线虫（26.7%，[142/531]）、刺猬短咽吸虫（5.1%，[27/531]）、未确定的吸虫卵（0.2% [1/531]）和微小膜壳绦虫（0.2%，[1/531]）。检测到的原生动物包括球虫（12.8%，[68/531]）、隐孢子虫属（11.9%，[63/531]）和贾第虫属（1.3%，[7/531]）。棘头虫属存在于1.5%（8/531）的样本中，两个检测标本经分子鉴定为圆柱形斜睾吸虫。嗜气毛细线虫感染呈现明显的季节性模式，且与体重呈负相关。对于其余寄生虫，未观察到与年龄、体重、存活率或季节性的显著关联。分子分型显示存在微小隐孢子虫IIa亚型（流行率为2.1%，[11/531]）、IIc亚型（0.9%，[5/531]）和IId亚型（0.6%，[3/531]），刺猬隐孢子虫XIIIa亚型（6.1%，[33/531]）和XIIIb亚型（0.2%，[1/531]），以及十二指肠贾第虫A(1)（亚）组合（1.3%，[7/531]）。

结论

刺猬肺部和胃肠道蠕虫感染率较高。分子分析明确了胃肠道毛细线虫的种类分布，由刺猬毛细线虫和鼬毛细线虫组成，否定了先前描述的卵网状毛细线虫的存在。此外，隐孢子虫属和贾第虫属的分子分型揭示了人畜共患亚型和（亚）组合。此外，嗜气毛细线虫和微小膜壳绦虫可能感染人类。因此，处理刺猬时应采取预防措施以降低人畜共患风险。