Polysaccharide-based beads and water purification: A review.

Polysaccharide-based beads have attracted considerable interest as efficient materials for remediation of water contamination because of their excellent adsorption capability and eco-friendly properties. This review analyzes recent progress in developing biopolymeric magnetic hydrogels deduced from polysaccharides like cellulose, starch, alginate, chitosan, lignin, pectin, guar gum, carrageenan, and agar. It emphasizes their use in eliminating heavy metals, dyes, oil, and antibiotics from polluted water. Adsorbents derived from those materials improve adsorption capacity/efficiency and streamlines the separation procedures post-treatment as well, rendering them highly effective for real-world applications. The objective of the review is to present an in-depth examination of the methods and processes involved in the synthesis of these beads, emphasizing their sustainability and appropriateness for large-scale water purification. This review fills this gap by analyzing several synthesis techniques and determining how well the beads absorb antibiotic contaminants. Their excellent adsorption potential is demonstrated by exploring the mechanisms of interaction between the beads and contaminants. The remaining challenges and future research guidance are explored, particularly on enhancing the scalability and practical uses of these beads. In summary, this review provides important perspectives on the advancement and promise of PSBB in enhancing wastewater treatment.