Naringin and Naringenin in Liver Health: A Review of Molecular and Epigenetic Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.

Liver diseases have become a significant global health concern, driving increased interest in naturally occurring compounds as adjunctive treatments for managing these conditions. Flavonoids, a class of natural polyphenols found in plants and fruits, offer a broad spectrum of potential health benefits due to their applications in nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Among them, naringin (NARI) and naringenin (NAR), which are abundant in citrus fruits, have attracted considerable attention. Numerous studies have investigated the therapeutic effects of NARI and NAR across different stages of liver disease. This review highlights recent research on the impact of these flavonoids in alcohol-related liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD). It also explores the molecular mechanisms and epigenetic modifications through which NARI and NAR contribute to preventing liver disease progression. Finally, this work discusses recent progresses and future perspectives, emphasizing the role of innovative nanocarriers, nanoparticles, and drug delivery strategies in enhancing the efficacy and bioavailability of these promising compounds to improve liver health.