儿童期致残性慢性病的患病率及影响
Prevalence and impact of disabling chronic conditions in childhood.
作者信息
Newacheck P W, Halfon N
机构信息
Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 1998 Apr;88(4):610-7. doi: 10.2105/ajph.88.4.610.
OBJECTIVES
This study provides a current national profile of the prevalence and impact of chronic conditions causing childhood disability. Disability is defined as a long-term reduction in ability to conduct social role activities, such as school or play, because of a chronic physical or mental condition.
METHODS
A cross-sectional descriptive analysis was performed on data from 99513 children younger than 18 years who were included in the 1992-1994 National Health Interview Survey. The response rate exceeded 93% during each year.
RESULTS
A significant proportion of children, estimated at 6.5% of all US children, experienced some degree of disability. The most common causes of childhood disability were respiratory diseases and mental impairments. Prevalence of disability was higher for older children, boys, and children from low-income and single-parent families. Childhood disability is estimated to result in 66 million restricted activity days annually, including 24 million days lost from school. Furthermore, disability in childhood results in an added 26 million physician contacts and 5 million hospital days annually.
CONCLUSIONS
Childhood disability has profound impacts on children, the education system, and the health care system.
目的
本研究提供了一份关于导致儿童残疾的慢性病患病率及其影响的当前全国概况。残疾被定义为由于慢性身体或精神状况而导致的进行社会角色活动（如上学或玩耍）的能力长期下降。
方法
对1992 - 1994年全国健康访谈调查中纳入的99513名18岁以下儿童的数据进行横断面描述性分析。每年的回应率超过93%。
结果
相当一部分儿童，估计占美国所有儿童的6.5%，经历了某种程度的残疾。儿童残疾最常见的原因是呼吸系统疾病和精神障碍。年龄较大的儿童、男孩以及来自低收入和单亲家庭的儿童残疾患病率更高。据估计，儿童残疾每年导致6600万个活动受限日，其中包括2400万个缺课日。此外，儿童残疾每年还导致额外2600万次就医和500万个住院日。
结论
儿童残疾对儿童、教育系统和医疗保健系统都有深远影响。
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