暴力方面种族和族裔差异的社会剖析
Social anatomy of racial and ethnic disparities in violence.
作者信息
Sampson Robert J, Morenoff Jeffrey D, Raudenbush Stephen
机构信息
Department of Sociology, Harvard University, William James Hall, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 2005 Feb;95(2):224-32. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2004.037705.
We analyzed key individual, family, and neighborhood factors to assess competing hypotheses regarding racial/ethnic gaps in perpetrating violence. From 1995 to 2002, we collected 3 waves of data on 2974 participants aged 8 [corrected] to 25 years living in 180 Chicago neighborhoods, augmented by a separate community survey of 8782 Chicago residents. The odds of perpetrating violence were 85% higher for Blacks compared with Whites, whereas Latino-perpetrated violence was 10% lower. Yet the majority of the Black-White gap (over 60%) and the entire Latino-White gap were explained primarily by the marital status of parents, immigrant generation, and dimensions of neighborhood social context. The results imply that generic interventions to improve neighborhood conditions and support families may reduce racial gaps in violence.
我们分析了关键的个人、家庭和社区因素，以评估关于暴力犯罪中种族/族裔差距的相互竞争的假设。从1995年到2002年，我们收集了居住在芝加哥180个社区的2974名年龄在8岁[校正后]至25岁的参与者的三轮数据，并通过对8782名芝加哥居民进行的一项单独的社区调查进行了补充。与白人相比，黑人实施暴力的几率高出85%，而拉丁裔实施的暴力则低10%。然而，黑人和白人之间差距的大部分（超过60%）以及整个拉丁裔和白人之间的差距主要是由父母的婚姻状况、移民代际以及社区社会环境的维度来解释的。结果表明，改善社区条件和支持家庭的一般性干预措施可能会减少暴力方面的种族差距。
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