神经元-胶质细胞相互作用：施万细胞在神经肌肉突触形成和功能中的作用。
Neuron-glia interactions: the roles of Schwann cells in neuromuscular synapse formation and function.
机构信息
Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
出版信息
Biosci Rep. 2011 Oct;31(5):295-302. doi: 10.1042/BSR20100107.
The NMJ (neuromuscular junction) serves as the ultimate output of the motor neurons. The NMJ is composed of a presynaptic nerve terminal, a postsynaptic muscle and perisynaptic glial cells. Emerging evidence has also demonstrated an existence of perisynaptic fibroblast-like cells at the NMJ. In this review, we discuss the importance of Schwann cells, the glial component of the NMJ, in the formation and function of the NMJ. During development, Schwann cells are closely associated with presynaptic nerve terminals and are required for the maintenance of the developing NMJ. After the establishment of the NMJ, Schwann cells actively modulate synaptic activity. Schwann cells also play critical roles in regeneration of the NMJ after nerve injury. Thus, Schwann cells are indispensable for formation and function of the NMJ. Further examination of the interplay among Schwann cells, the nerve and the muscle will provide insights into a better understanding of mechanisms underlying neuromuscular synapse formation and function.
神经肌肉接点（NMJ）是运动神经元的最终输出。NMJ 由一个突触前神经末梢、一个突触后肌肉和突触周神经胶质细胞组成。新出现的证据还表明 NMJ 存在突触周纤维母细胞样细胞。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 NMJ 的神经胶质成分——雪旺细胞在 NMJ 的形成和功能中的重要性。在发育过程中，雪旺细胞与突触前神经末梢密切相关，是维持发育中的 NMJ 所必需的。NMJ 建立后，雪旺细胞积极调节突触活动。雪旺细胞在神经损伤后的 NMJ 再生中也起着至关重要的作用。因此，雪旺细胞对 NMJ 的形成和功能是不可或缺的。进一步研究雪旺细胞、神经和肌肉之间的相互作用将有助于更好地理解神经肌肉突触形成和功能的机制。
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