USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762.
Poult Sci. 2014 Aug;93(8):2123-8. doi: 10.3382/ps.2013-03647. Epub 2014 Jun 15.
Eggshell color can greatly influence visual appeal of table eggs, and within the United States, table eggs are normally sorted and marked according to eggshell color to maximize consumer appeal. Recently, table egg producers have noted increased incidence of "off-color" or tinted (TT) eggs derived from white egg laying breeder hens. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the production characteristics and resultant eggshell color of laying hens hatched from different colored eggs. Hy-Line W36 eggs were obtained from a commercial breeder operation and eggshell color was assessed with a colorimeter to separate eggs into groups of tinted (TT) and nontinted (NT) eggs before incubation. Treatment groups were placed into separate hatching trays. At hatching, chicks from each treatment group were individually wing-banded. Pullets were randomly allocated into cages according to treatment groups at 18 wk. Birds were placed into individual cages, with 5 consecutive cages representing a treatment replicate. Each treatment was replicated 24 times for a total of 120 birds per treatment and fed a nutritionally complete layer diet. Production performance was evaluated from 18 to 34 wk of age. Average weekly egg production was calculated. Feed intake, egg weights, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, and egg color were analyzed every 2 wk. Birds were weighed every 4 wk until completion of the study. Birds hatched from TT eggs had significantly increased BW throughout the experimental period. Hen-day egg production was significantly different when compared with the NT treatment at 19 and 20 wk of age. Eggshell color was also found to be significantly different for the NT and TT groups with TT eggs being significantly further from true white. Selection of progeny based on eggshell color may be a criterion for selecting white egg layers as layers hatched from TT eggs resulted in more off-color eggs, which may affect consumer acceptance for buying white table eggs.
蛋壳颜色对食用蛋的外观有很大影响,在美国,通常根据蛋壳颜色对食用蛋进行分拣和标记,以最大限度地提高消费者的吸引力。最近,食用蛋生产者注意到,来自白壳蛋种鸡的“异色”或着色(TT)蛋的发生率有所增加。因此,本研究的目的是确定不同颜色蛋孵化的产蛋鸡的生产特性和蛋壳颜色。从商业种鸡场获得海兰 W36 蛋,并使用测色仪评估蛋壳颜色,将蛋分为着色(TT)和非着色(NT)蛋组,然后进行孵化。将处理组放入单独的孵化托盘。孵化时,从每个处理组中取出单独的雏鸡进行翼带标记。18 周时,根据处理组将育成母鸡随机分配到鸡笼中。鸡被放入单独的鸡笼中,每 5 个连续的鸡笼代表一个处理重复。每个处理重复 24 次,每个处理组共 120 只鸡,饲喂全价产蛋鸡日粮。从 18 至 34 周龄评估生产性能。计算平均每周产蛋量。每隔 2 周分析采食量、蛋重、蛋质量、饲料转化率和蛋颜色。每 4 周称一次体重,直到研究结束。从 TT 蛋中孵化出来的雏鸡在整个实验期间的 BW 显著增加。与 NT 处理相比,19 和 20 周龄时的母鸡日产蛋量有显著差异。NT 和 TT 组的蛋壳颜色也有显著差异,TT 蛋明显偏离真正的白色。根据蛋壳颜色选择后代可能是选择白壳蛋鸡的标准之一,因为从 TT 蛋中孵化出来的蛋的颜色更差,这可能会影响消费者购买白壳食用蛋的意愿。