环境健康与长链非编码 RNA。
Environmental Health and Long Non-coding RNAs.
机构信息
Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
出版信息
Curr Environ Health Rep. 2016 Sep;3(3):178-87. doi: 10.1007/s40572-016-0092-1.
An individual's risk of developing a common disease typically depends on an interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Epigenetic research is uncovering novel ways through which environmental factors such as diet, air pollution, and chemical exposure can affect our genes. DNA methylation and histone modifications are the most commonly studied epigenetic mechanisms. The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in epigenetic processes has been more recently highlighted. LncRNAs are defined as transcribed RNA molecules greater than 200 nucleotides in length with little or no protein-coding capability. While few functional lncRNAs have been well characterized to date, they have been demonstrated to control gene regulation at every level, including transcriptional gene silencing via regulation of the chromatin structure and DNA methylation. This review aims to provide a general overview of lncRNA function with a focus on their role as key regulators of health and disease and as biomarkers of environmental exposure.
个体患常见疾病的风险通常取决于遗传和环境因素的相互作用。表观遗传学研究揭示了环境因素（如饮食、空气污染和化学暴露）如何影响我们的基因的新途径。DNA 甲基化和组蛋白修饰是最常研究的表观遗传机制。长非编码 RNA（lncRNA）在表观遗传过程中的作用最近也得到了强调。lncRNA 的定义是长度大于 200 个核苷酸的转录 RNA 分子，几乎没有或没有蛋白质编码能力。尽管迄今为止只有少数功能性 lncRNA 得到了很好的描述，但它们已被证明可以在各个层面控制基因调控，包括通过调节染色质结构和 DNA 甲基化来实现转录基因沉默。本综述旨在提供 lncRNA 功能的概述，重点介绍它们作为健康和疾病的关键调节剂以及环境暴露生物标志物的作用。
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