精油对白色念珠菌和非白色念珠菌的液相和气相抗真菌活性。
Liquid and vapour-phase antifungal activities of essential oils against Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida.
作者信息
Mandras Narcisa, Nostro Antonia, Roana Janira, Scalas Daniela, Banche Giuliana, Ghisetti Valeria, Del Re Simonetta, Fucale Giacomo, Cuffini Anna Maria, Tullio Vivian
机构信息
Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, Microbiology Division, University of Turin, via Santena 9, 10126, Turin, Italy.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Health Products Polo Annunziata, University of Messina, Viale S.S. Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy.
出版信息
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016 Aug 30;16(1):330. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1316-5.
BACKGROUND
The management of Candida infections faces many problems, such as a limited number of antifungal drugs, toxicity, resistance of Candida to commonly antifungal drugs, relapse of Candida infections, and the high cost of antifungal drugs. Though azole antifungal agents and derivatives continue to dominate as drugs of choice against Candida infections, there are many available data referring to the anticandidal activity of essential oils. Since we have previous observed a good antimicrobial activity of some essential oils against filamentous fungi, the aim of this study was to extend the research to evaluate the activity of the same oils on Candida albicans, C.glabrata and C.tropicalis clinical strains, as well as the effects of related components. Essential oils selection was based both on ethnomedicinal use and on proved antibacterial and/or antifungal activity of some of these oils. Fluconazole and voriconazole were used as reference drugs.
METHODS
The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of essential oils (thyme red, fennel, clove, pine, sage, lemon balm, and lavender) and their major components were investigated by the broth microdilution method (BM) and the vapour contact assay (VC).
RESULTS
Using BM, pine oil showed the best activity against all strains tested, though C.albicans was more susceptible than C.glabrata and C.tropicalis (MIC50-MIC90 = 0.06 %, v/v). On the contrary, sage oil displayed a weak activity (MIC50-MIC90 = 1 %, v/v). Thyme red oil (MIC50-MIC90 ≤ 0.0038 %, v/v for C.albicans and C.tropicalis, and 0.0078- < 0.015 %, v/v for C.glabrata), followed by lemon balm, lavender and sage were the most effective by VC. Carvacrol and thymol showed the highest activity, whereas linalyl acetate showed the lowest activity both by two methods. α-pinene displayed a better activity by BM than VC.
CONCLUSION
Results show a good activity of essential oils, mainly thymus red and pine oils, and their components carvacrol, thymol and α-pinene against Candida spp., including fluconazole/voriconazole resistant strains. These data encourage adequately controlled and randomized clinical investigations. The use in vapour phase could have additional advantages without requiring direct contact, resulting in easy of environmental application such as in hospital, and/or in school.
背景
念珠菌感染的治疗面临诸多问题，如抗真菌药物数量有限、毒性、念珠菌对常用抗真菌药物的耐药性、念珠菌感染的复发以及抗真菌药物成本高昂。尽管唑类抗真菌药物及其衍生物仍然是治疗念珠菌感染的首选药物，但有许多关于精油抗念珠菌活性的数据。由于我们之前观察到一些精油对丝状真菌具有良好的抗菌活性，本研究的目的是将研究扩展到评估相同精油对白色念珠菌、光滑念珠菌和热带念珠菌临床菌株的活性以及相关成分的作用。精油的选择基于民族药用用途以及其中一些精油已证实的抗菌和/或抗真菌活性。氟康唑和伏立康唑用作参考药物。
方法
采用肉汤微量稀释法（BM）和气相接触试验（VC）研究了精油（百里香红、茴香、丁香、松树、鼠尾草、柠檬香脂和薰衣草）及其主要成分的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MFC）。
结果
使用BM法时，松油对所有测试菌株显示出最佳活性，不过白色念珠菌比光滑念珠菌和热带念珠菌更敏感（MIC50 - MIC90 = 0.06%，v/v）。相反，鼠尾草油活性较弱（MIC50 - MIC90 = 1%，v/v）。通过VC法，百里香红精油（白色念珠菌和热带念珠菌的MIC50 - MIC90≤0.0038%，v/v，光滑念珠菌的MIC50 - MIC90为0.0078 - <0.015%，v/v），其次是柠檬香脂、薰衣草和鼠尾草最为有效。香芹酚和百里酚显示出最高活性，而乙酸芳樟酯在两种方法中均显示出最低活性。α - 蒎烯通过BM法显示出比VC法更好的活性。
结论
结果表明精油，主要是百里香红和松油及其成分香芹酚、百里酚和α - 蒎烯对念珠菌属具有良好活性，包括对氟康唑/伏立康唑耐药的菌株。这些数据鼓励进行充分对照和随机的临床研究。在气相中使用可能具有额外的优势，无需直接接触，便于在医院和/或学校等环境中应用。
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