德国阿片类药物成瘾者人数的估计。
Estimation of the Number of People With Opioid Addiction in Germany.
机构信息
IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, München; Department for Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden and Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Centre of Interdisciplinary Addiction Research (ZIS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Federal Opium Agency.
出版信息
Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2019 Mar 1;116(9):137-143. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2019.0137.
BACKGROUND
Opioid addiction is one of the most common substance-related disorders worldwide, and morbidity and mortality due to opioid addiction place a heavy burden on society. Knowing the size of the population that is addicted to opioids is a prerequisite for the development and implementation of appropriate health-policy measures.
METHODS
Our estimate for Germany for 2016 is based on an enumeration of opioid-addicted persons who were entered in a registry of persons receiving substitution therapy, an enumeration of persons receiving outpatient and inpatient care for addiction without substitution therapy, an extrapolation to all addiction care facilities, and an estimation of the number of opioid-addicted persons who were not accounted for either in the substitution registry or in addiction care.
RESULTS
The overall estimate of the number of opioid-addicted persons in Germany in 2016 was 166 294 persons (lower and upper bounds: 164 794 and 167 794), including 123 988 men (122 968 to 125 007) and 42 307 women (41 826 to 42 787). The estimates for each German federal state per 1000 inhabitants ranged from 0.1 in Brandenburg to 3.0 in North Rhine-Westphalia and 5.5 in Bremen. The average value across Germany was 3.1 per 1000 inhabitants.
CONCLUSION
Comparisons with earlier estimates suggest that the number of persons addicted to opioids in Germany has hardly changed over the past 20 years. Despite methodological limitations, this estimate can be considered highly valid. Nearly all persons who are addicted to opioids are in contact with the addiction care system.
背景
阿片类药物成瘾是全球最常见的物质相关障碍之一，阿片类药物成瘾导致的发病率和死亡率给社会带来了沉重负担。了解阿片类药物成瘾人群的规模是制定和实施适当卫生政策措施的前提。
方法
我们对 2016 年德国的估计数基于以下数据：登记在册的接受替代治疗的阿片类药物成瘾者人数；接受门诊和住院替代治疗的成瘾者人数；对所有成瘾治疗机构的外推；以及未在替代登记处或成瘾治疗中登记的阿片类药物成瘾者人数的估计数。
结果
2016 年德国阿片类药物成瘾者总人数估计为 166294 人（下限和上限分别为 164794 人和 167794 人），包括 123988 名男性（122968 人至 125007 人）和 42307 名女性（41826 人至 42787 人）。每个德国联邦州每 1000 名居民的估计值从勃兰登堡的 0.1 到北莱茵-威斯特法伦州的 3.0 和不来梅州的 5.5。德国的平均水平为每 1000 名居民 3.1。
结论
与早期估计数相比，过去 20 年来德国阿片类药物成瘾者人数几乎没有变化。尽管存在方法学上的限制，但该估计数可被视为高度有效。几乎所有阿片类药物成瘾者都与成瘾治疗系统有联系。
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