水中微塑料颗粒：系统综述。
Microplastic particles in the aquatic environment: A systematic review.
机构信息
School of Material Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea; Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
School of Material Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea; Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
出版信息
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jun 25;775:145793. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145793. Epub 2021 Feb 12.
Microplastics (MPs) pollution has become one of the most severe environmental concerns today. MPs persist in the environment and cause adverse effects in organisms. This review aims to present a state-of-the-art overview of MPs in the aquatic environment. Personal care products, synthetic clothing, air-blasting facilities and drilling fluids from gas-oil industries, raw plastic powders from plastic manufacturing industries, waste plastic products and wastewater treatment plants act as the major sources of MPs. For MPs analysis, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), Py-MS methods, Raman spectroscopy, and FT-IR spectroscopy are regarded as the most promising methods for MPs identification and quantification. Due to the large surface area to volume ratio, crystallinity, hydrophobicity and functional groups, MPs can interact with various contaminants such as heavy metals, antibiotics and persistent organic contaminants. Among different physical and biological treatment technologies, the MPs removal performance decreases as membrane bioreactor (> 99%) > activated sludge process (98%) > rapid sand filtration (97.1%) > dissolved air floatation (~95%) > electrocoagulation (> 90%) > constructed wetlands (88%). Chemical treatment methods such as coagulation, magnetic separations, Fenton, photo-Fenton and photocatalytic degradation also show moderate to high efficiency of MP removal. Hybrid treatment technologies show the highest removal efficacies of MPs. Finally, future research directions for MPs are elaborated.
微塑料（MPs）污染已成为当今最严重的环境问题之一。MPs 在环境中持续存在，并对生物体造成不良影响。本综述旨在介绍水生环境中 MPs 的最新研究进展。个人护理产品、合成服装、喷砂设施和油气工业的钻井液、塑料制造工业的原始塑料粉末、废弃塑料产品和废水处理厂是 MPs 的主要来源。对于 MPs 分析，热裂解-气相色谱-质谱联用（Py-GC-MS）、Py-MS 方法、拉曼光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱被认为是 MPs 识别和定量的最有前途的方法。由于较大的表面积与体积比、结晶度、疏水性和官能团，MPs 可以与各种污染物相互作用，如重金属、抗生素和持久性有机污染物。在不同的物理和生物处理技术中，MPs 的去除性能随着膜生物反应器（>99%）>活性污泥工艺（98%）>快速砂滤（97.1%）>溶气浮选（~95%）>电絮凝（>90%）>人工湿地（88%）而降低。化学处理方法，如混凝、磁分离、芬顿、光芬顿和光催化降解，也显示出对 MPs 去除的中等至高效率。混合处理技术对 MPs 的去除效果最高。最后，阐述了 MPs 的未来研究方向。
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