21 世纪美国的超额死亡率。
Excess mortality in the United States in the 21st century.
机构信息
Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
Population Health Lab, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, 18059 Rostock, Germany
出版信息
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Apr 20;118(16). doi: 10.1073/pnas.2024850118.
We use three indexes to identify how age-specific mortality rates in the United States compare to those in a composite of five large European countries since 2000. First, we examine the ratio of age-specific death rates in the United States to those in Europe. These show a sharp deterioration in the US position since 2000. Applying European age-specific death rates in 2017 to the US population, we then show that adverse mortality conditions in the United States resulted in 400,700 excess deaths that year. Finally, we show that these excess deaths entailed a loss of 13.0 My of life. In 2017, excess deaths and years of life lost in the United States represent a larger annual loss of life than that associated with the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020.
我们使用三个指标来确定自 2000 年以来美国特定年龄段的死亡率与五个欧洲大国综合死亡率的比较情况。首先，我们考察了美国与欧洲特定年龄段死亡率的比值。结果显示，自 2000 年以来，美国的地位急剧恶化。接着，我们根据 2017 年欧洲特定年龄段的死亡率，计算出如果应用于美国人口，那么当年美国的不利死亡状况将导致 400700 人死亡。最后，我们发现这些超额死亡导致了 13.0 个生命年的损失。2017 年，美国的超额死亡人数和生命损失年数高于与 2020 年 COVID-19 疫情相关的死亡人数。
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