超高加工食品的高消费与血脂异常的发生有关：一项针对老年人的前瞻性研究。

High Consumption of Ultra-Processed Food is Associated with Incident Dyslipidemia: A Prospective Study of Older Adults.

机构信息

Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, Campus of International Excellence, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid + Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEI UAM+CSIC), Madrid, Spain.

Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPaz, Biomedical Research Center Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.

出版信息

J Nutr. 2021 Aug 7;151(8):2390-2398. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab118.

DOI:10.1093/jn/nxab118

PMID:34038538

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption has been associated with higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality risks.

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between UPF consumption and incident dyslipidemia in older adults, where evidence is limited.

METHODS

We studied a prospective cohort of 1082 community-dwelling adults in Spain, older than 60 (mean age, 68 ± 6 years old). Participants (52% were women) were recruited between 2008-10 and followed up to 2015. At baseline, food intake data were collected using a validated computerized face-to-face dietary history. UPFs were identified according to the nature and extent of their industrial processing (NOVA classification). Triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol were measured in fasting plasma samples collected at baseline and at follow-up. Statistical analyses were performed with logistic regression adjusted for the main potential confounders.

RESULTS

Among those free of corresponding dyslipidemia at baseline, and after a follow-up of between 5 to 7 years, 60 (out of 895) developed incident hypertriglyceridemia (≥150 mg/dL), 112 (out of 878) had low HDL cholesterol (<40 in men/<50 mg/dL in women), and 54 (out of 472) had high LDL cholesterol (>129 mg/dL). The mean percentage of UPF consumption was 19% ± 11% of total energy intake. Those in the highest versus the lowest tertile of energy intake from UPFs had more than twice the odds of incident hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 2.66; 95% CI: 1.20-5.90; P-trend, 0.011) or low HDL cholesterol (OR, 2.23; 95% CI: 1.22-4.05; P-trend, 0.012). UPF consumption was not associated with high LDL cholesterol plasma concentrations.

CONCLUSIONS

Although UPF consumption in Spain was low among older adults, high consumption of UPFs was clearly associated with incident dyslipidemia. The increase in CVD risk recently found to be associated with UPF consumption might be mediated by these atherogenic lipid abnormalities.

摘要

背景

超加工食品（UPF）的消费与更高的心血管疾病（CVD）和死亡率风险有关。

目的

本研究旨在评估 UPF 消费与老年人中血脂异常事件的关系，因为这方面的证据有限。

方法

我们研究了西班牙一个由 1082 名社区居住的老年人组成的前瞻性队列，年龄均大于 60 岁（平均年龄，68±6 岁）。参与者（52%为女性）于 2008-10 年期间招募，并随访至 2015 年。在基线时，使用经过验证的计算机化面对面膳食史收集食物摄入数据。根据工业加工的性质和程度（NOVA 分类）确定 UPF。在基线和随访时采集空腹血浆样本，测量甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇。进行了调整主要潜在混杂因素的逻辑回归分析。

结果

在基线时无相应血脂异常的人群中，经过 5 至 7 年的随访，有 60 人（895 人中有 60 人）发生了血脂异常事件（≥150mg/dL 的高甘油三酯血症），112 人（878 人中有 112 人）有低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（男性<40mg/dL，女性<50mg/dL），54 人（472 人中有 54 人）有高 LDL 胆固醇（>129mg/dL）。UPF 消费的平均百分比为总能量摄入的 19%±11%。与 UPF 能量摄入最低三分位相比，最高三分位的人发生血脂异常事件的几率高出两倍以上（OR，2.66；95%CI：1.20-5.90；P-趋势，0.011）或低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（OR，2.23；95%CI：1.22-4.05；P-趋势，0.012）。UPF 消费与 LDL 胆固醇的血浆浓度无关。