两种尼古丁盐制剂对电子烟吸引力和感官属性的剂量反应效应。
Dose-response effects of two nicotine salt formulations on electronic cigarette appeal and sensory attributes.
作者信息
Han Dae-Hee, Wong Melissa, Peraza Natalia, Vogel Erin A, Cahn Rael, Mason Tyler B, Kirkpatrick Matthew, Tackett Alayna P, Leventhal Adam M
机构信息
Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
出版信息
Tob Control. 2023 Jan 2. doi: 10.1136/tc-2022-057553.
OBJECTIVES
Various organic acids are used to create nicotine salt formulations, which may improve the appeal and sensory experience of vaping electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). This clinical experiment examined the effects of partially and highly protonated forms of two nicotine salt formulations (nicotine lactate and benzoate) versus free-base (no acid additive) on the appeal and sensory attributes of e-cigarettes.
METHODS
Current adult tobacco product users (n=116) participated in an online remote double-blind within-subject randomised experiment involving standardised self-administration of e-cigarette solutions varying in nicotine formulation (free-base, 50% nicotine lactate -1:2 lactic acid to nicotine molar ratio, 100% nicotine lactate - 1:1 ratio, 50% nicotine benzoate and 100% nicotine benzoate). Each formulation had equivalent nicotine concentrations (27.0-33.0 mg/mL) and was administered in four flavours in a pod-style device. After each administration, participants rated appeal (liking, disliking and willingness to use again) and sensory attributes (0-100 scale).
RESULTS
Compared with free-base nicotine, 50% and 100% nicotine lactate and benzoate yielded higher appeal, smoothness and sweetness and lower harshness and bitterness. Dose-response analyses found 100% vs 50% nicotine salt improved appeal, smoothness, bitterness and harshness for nicotine lactate and sweetness, smoothness and harshness for nicotine benzoate. Solutions with higher pH were associated with worse appeal and sensory attributes across nicotine formulations. Nicotine formulation effects did not differ by tobacco use status and flavours.
CONCLUSION
Restricting benzoic acid or lactic acid additives or setting minimal pHs in e-cigarettes merits consideration in regulations designed to reduce vaping among populations deterred from using e-cigarettes with aversive sensory properties.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
This study was registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03742817 under the title 'Effects of e-Cigarettes on Perceptions and Behavior'.
目的
多种有机酸被用于制造尼古丁盐配方，这可能会提升吸电子烟的吸引力和感官体验。本临床实验研究了两种尼古丁盐配方（乳酸尼古丁和苯甲酸尼古丁）的部分质子化形式和高度质子化形式与游离碱（无酸添加剂）相比，对电子烟吸引力和感官属性的影响。
方法
当前的成年烟草制品使用者（n = 116）参与了一项在线远程双盲的受试者内随机实验，该实验涉及对不同尼古丁配方（游离碱、乳酸尼古丁50% - 乳酸与尼古丁摩尔比为1:2、乳酸尼古丁100% - 比例为1:1、苯甲酸尼古丁50%和苯甲酸尼古丁100%）的电子烟溶液进行标准化的自我给药。每种配方的尼古丁浓度相等（27.0 - 33.0 mg/mL），并以四种口味通过烟弹式装置给药。每次给药后，参与者对吸引力（喜欢、不喜欢和再次使用的意愿）和感官属性（0 - 100分制）进行评分。
结果
与游离碱尼古丁相比，50%和100%的乳酸尼古丁和苯甲酸尼古丁具有更高的吸引力、顺滑度和甜度，以及更低的刺激性和苦味。剂量反应分析发现，对于乳酸尼古丁，100%的尼古丁盐与50%的相比，在吸引力、顺滑度、苦味和刺激性方面有所改善；对于苯甲酸尼古丁，在甜度、顺滑度和刺激性方面有所改善。在所有尼古丁配方中，pH值较高的溶液与较差的吸引力和感官属性相关。尼古丁配方的效果在烟草使用状况和口味方面没有差异。
结论
在旨在减少因电子烟具有厌恶感官特性而不愿使用的人群中吸电子烟行为的法规制定中，值得考虑限制苯甲酸或乳酸添加剂或设定电子烟的最低pH值。
试验注册号
本研究在ClinicalTrials.gov上注册，标识符为：NCT03742817，标题为“电子烟对认知和行为的影响” 。
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