摩洛哥干水果中的黄曲霉毒素和赭曲霉毒素 A：监测、监管方面和暴露评估。
Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A in dried fruits from Morocco: Monitoring, regulatory aspects, and exposure assessment.
机构信息
Laboratory of Marine Biotechnologies and Environment (BIOMARE), Faculty of Sciences, Road of Ben Maachou, P.O. Box 20, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, 24000, Morocco.
Laboratory of Marine Biotechnologies and Environment (BIOMARE), Faculty of Sciences, Road of Ben Maachou, P.O. Box 20, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, 24000, Morocco.
出版信息
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2023 Dec;145:105503. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105503. Epub 2023 Sep 29.
The present study aims to investigate the presence of Aflatoxins (AF) in 180 samples dried fruits and Ochratoxin A (OTA) in 210 samples dried fruits and grape juices collected in Morocco. Mycotoxins were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to fluorescence detection and immunoaffinity columns (IAC) cleanup. Contamination levels were compared with the maximum regulatory limits (MRL) recently adopted in the country, and mycotoxin exposure of adult consumers was assessed. Results showed that 13.8% of samples were contaminated with AF, with incidences of 23.3, 23.3, 20, 13.8, and 3.3%, in raisins, figs, nuts, peanuts and pistachio, respectively. There were 12 samples (6.6%) that exceeded the MRL of 2-12 ng/g set for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). While OTA was detected in 17.1% of samples, with incidences of 3.3, 3.3, 30, 30, and 53.3% in walnuts, pistachios, peanuts, raisins and figs, respectively, and a maximum value of 99.1 in dried raisins, that exceeded the MRL (10 ng/g) set for OTA. The co-occurrence of OTA and AF was observed in 4.7% of total samples. Dietary intake showed that the OTA exposure level was lower than safety guidelines set by The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) at 100 ng/kg b.w./week.
本研究旨在调查摩洛哥采集的 180 份干果果脯和 210 份干果果脯及葡萄汁中是否存在黄曲霉毒素（AF）和赭曲霉毒素 A（OTA）。采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）结合荧光检测和免疫亲和柱（IAC）净化法对真菌毒素进行分析。将污染水平与该国最近采用的最大监管限量（MRL）进行比较，并评估了成年消费者的真菌毒素暴露情况。结果表明，13.8%的样本受到 AF 污染，葡萄干、无花果、坚果、花生和开心果的污染率分别为 23.3%、23.3%、20%、13.8%和 3.3%。有 12 个样本（6.6%）超过了设定的 2-12 ng/g 的 AFB1 最大限量。而 OTA 在 17.1%的样本中被检测到，核桃、开心果、花生、葡萄干和无花果中的污染率分别为 3.3%、3.3%、30%、30%和 53.3%，其中葡萄干的最高值为 99.1 ng/g，超过了 OTA 的 MRL（10 ng/g）。总样本中有 4.7%同时存在 OTA 和 AF。膳食摄入量表明，OTA 的暴露水平低于粮农组织/世界卫生组织食品添加剂联合专家委员会（JECFA）设定的 100 ng/kg b.w./周的安全指南。
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