产前暴露于空气污染与出生体重与胎龄比（BWGA）Z评分：胎盘白细胞端粒长度和婴儿性别的调节作用。
Prenatal exposure to air pollution and BWGA Z-score: Modifying effects of placenta leukocyte telomere length and infant sex.
作者信息
Zhang Xueying, Colicino Elena, Cowell Whitney, Enlow Michelle Bosquet, Kloog Itai, Coull Brent A, Schwartz Joel D, Wright Robert O, Wright Rosalind J
机构信息
Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Kravis Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
出版信息
Environ Res. 2024 Apr 1;246:117986. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117986. Epub 2023 Dec 23.
BACKGROUND
Air pollutants, such as fine particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO), and ozone (O), have been associated with adverse birth outcomes, including low birth weight, often exhibiting sex-specific effects. However, the modifying effect of placental telomere length (TL), reflecting cumulative lifetime oxidative stress in mothers, remains unexplored.
METHOD
Using data from a Northeastern U.S. birth cohort (n = 306), we employed linear regression and weighted quantile sum models to assess trimester-average air pollution exposures and birth weight for gestational age (BWGA) z-scores. Placental TL, categorized by median split, was considered as an effect modifier. Interactions among air pollutants, placental TL, infant sex, and BWGA z-score were evaluated.
RESULTS
Without placental TL as a modifier, only 1 trimester O was significantly associated with BWGA z-scores (coefficient: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.63). In models considering TL interactions, a significant modifying effect was observed between 3 trimester NO and BWGA z-scores (interaction p-value = 0.02). Specifically, a one interquartile range (1-IQR) increase in 3 trimester NO was linked to a 0.28 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.52) change in BWGA z-score among shorter placental TL group, with no significant association among longer TL group. Among male infants, there were significant associations between 3 trimester PM exposure and BWGA z-scores in the longer TL group (coefficient: -0.34, 95% CI: -0.61, -0.02), and between 1 trimester O exposure and BWGA z-scores among males in the shorter TL group (coefficient: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.06, 1.08). For females, only a negative association in 2 trimester mixture model was observed within the longer TL group (coefficient: -0.10, 95% CI: -0.21, -0.01).
CONCLUSION
These findings highlight the need to consider the complex interactions among prenatal air pollutant exposures, placental TL, and fetal sex to better elucidate those at greatest risk for adverse birth outcomes.
背景
空气污染物，如细颗粒物（PM）、二氧化氮（NO）和臭氧（O），与不良出生结局有关，包括低出生体重，且往往表现出性别特异性影响。然而，反映母亲累积一生氧化应激的胎盘端粒长度（TL）的调节作用仍未得到探索。
方法
利用美国东北部一个出生队列（n = 306）的数据，我们采用线性回归和加权分位数和模型来评估孕期平均空气污染暴露情况以及出生体重与胎龄（BWGA）的z分数。通过中位数分割对胎盘TL进行分类，将其视为效应修饰因子。评估空气污染物、胎盘TL、婴儿性别和BWGA z分数之间的相互作用。
结果
在不将胎盘TL作为修饰因子的情况下，只有孕晚期的O与BWGA z分数显著相关（系数：0.33，95%置信区间：0.03，0.63）。在考虑TL相互作用的模型中，观察到孕晚期的NO与BWGA z分数之间存在显著的修饰效应（相互作用p值 = 0.02）。具体而言，孕晚期NO每增加一个四分位数间距（1-IQR），胎盘TL较短组的BWGA z分数变化为0.28（95%置信区间：0.06，0.52），而胎盘TL较长组之间无显著关联。在男婴中，胎盘TL较长组孕晚期PM暴露与BWGA z分数之间存在显著关联（系数：-0.34，95%置信区间：-0.61，-0.02），胎盘TL较短组男婴孕早期O暴露与BWGA z分数之间存在显著关联（系数：0.59，95%置信区间：0.06，1.08）。对于女婴，仅在胎盘TL较长组的孕中期混合模型中观察到负相关（系数：-0.10，95%置信区间：-0.21，-0.01）。
结论
这些发现凸显了需要考虑产前空气污染物暴露、胎盘TL和胎儿性别之间的复杂相互作用，以便更好地阐明那些出生结局不良风险最大的人群。
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