突触周围施万细胞：健康与疾病状态下神经肌肉接头完整性及功能的守护者

Perisynaptic Schwann Cells: Guardians of Neuromuscular Junction Integrity and Function in Health and Disease.

作者信息

Gould Thomas W, Ko Chien-Ping, Willison Hugh, Robitaille Richard

机构信息

Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA.

Section of Neurobiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-2520, USA.

出版信息

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2025 Jan 7;17(1):a041362. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041362.

DOI:10.1101/cshperspect.a041362

PMID:38858074

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11694759/

Abstract

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a highly reliable synapse to carry the control of the motor commands of the nervous system over the muscles. Its development, organization, and synaptic properties are highly structured and regulated to support such reliability and efficacy. Yet, the NMJ is also highly plastic, able to react to injury, and able to adapt to changes. This balance between structural stability and synaptic efficacy on one hand and structural plasticity and repair on another hand is made possible by perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs), glial cells at this synapse. They regulate synaptic efficacy and structural plasticity of the NMJ in a dynamic, bidirectional manner owing to their ability to decode synaptic transmission and by their interactions with trophic-related factors. Alteration of these fundamental roles of PSCs is also important in the maladapted response of NMJs in various diseases and in aging.

摘要

神经肌肉接头（NMJ）是一种高度可靠的突触，用于传递神经系统对肌肉的运动指令控制。其发育、组织和突触特性具有高度的结构性和调节性，以支持这种可靠性和有效性。然而，神经肌肉接头也具有高度的可塑性，能够对损伤做出反应，并能够适应变化。突触周围施万细胞（PSC）作为该突触处的神经胶质细胞，使得一方面结构稳定性和突触效能与另一方面结构可塑性和修复之间的这种平衡成为可能。由于它们具有解码突触传递的能力以及与营养相关因子的相互作用，它们以动态、双向的方式调节神经肌肉接头的突触效能和结构可塑性。突触周围施万细胞这些基本作用的改变在各种疾病和衰老过程中神经肌肉接头的适应不良反应中也很重要。