Multi-State Analysis of the Impact of Childhood Starvation on the Healthy Life Expectancy of the Elderly in China.

Child malnutrition is not only common in developing countries but also an important issue faced by developed countries. This study aimed to explore the influence and degree of childhood starvation on the health of the elderly, which provides a reference for formulating health-related policies under the concept of full lifecycle health. Based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in 2008, 2011, and 2014, this study took a total of 13,185 elderly people aged 65-99 years as the target population. By IMaCH software, with gender and income level as the control variables, the average life expectancy and healthy life expectancy of the elderly were measured. The test was used to explore the differences in the socioeconomic status of elderly people with or without starvation in childhood. Statistical differences between average life expectancy and healthy life expectancy were analyzed by rank tests. (1) The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in age, gender, residency, education level, and income level between the groups with or without starvation ( < 0.05). (2) Transition probabilities in health-disability, health-death, and disability-death all showed an upward trend with age ( < 0.05), where the elderly who experienced starvation in childhood were higher than those without such an experience ( < 0.05). However, the probability of disability-health recovery showed a downward trend with age ( < 0.05), in which the elderly who experienced starvation in childhood were lower than those without starvation ( < 0.05). (3) For the elderly who experienced starvation in childhood, the health indicators of the average life expectancy, healthy life expectancy, and healthy life expectancy proportion accounted for the remaining life were lower than those of the elderly without childhood starvation ( < 0.05). The average life expectancy and healthy life expectancy of the elderly with childhood starvation are lower than those without childhood starvation. It shows that the negative impact of childhood starvation on health through the life course till old age has a persistent negative cumulative effect on the quantity and quality of life. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the nutritional status of children in poor families from the perspective of social policymaking.