CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur, India.
University of Mysore, Mysore, India.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Sep 10;838(Pt 1):155895. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155895. Epub 2022 May 12.
Plastic has contributed enormously to the healthcare sector and towards public health safety during the COVID-19 pandemic. With the frequent usage of plastic-based personal protective equipment (PPEs) (including face masks, gloves, protective body suits, aprons, gowns, face shields, surgical masks, and goggles), by frontline health workers, there has been a tremendous increase in their manufacture and distribution. Different types of plastic polymers are used in the manufacture of this equipment, depending upon their usage. However, since a majority of these plastics are still single-use plastics (SUP), they are not at all eco-friendly and end up generating large quantities of plastic waste. The overview presents the various available and practiced methods in vogue for disposal cum treatment of these highly contaminated plastic wastes. Among the current methods of plastic waste disposal, incineration and land filling are the most common ones, but both these methods have their negative impacts on the environment. Alongside, numerous methods that can be used to sterilize them before any treatment have been discussed. There are several new sorting technologies, to help produce purer polymers that can be made to undergo thermal or chemical treatments. Microbial degradation is one such novel method that is under the spotlight currently and being studied extensively, because of its ecological advantages, cost-effectiveness, ease of use, and maintenance. In addition to the deliberations on the methods, strategies have been enumerated for combination of different methods, vis-à-vis studying the life cycle assessment towards a more circular economy in handling this menace to protect mankind.
塑料在 COVID-19 大流行期间对医疗保健行业和公共卫生安全做出了巨大贡献。由于医护人员频繁使用基于塑料的个人防护设备(PPE)(包括口罩、手套、防护服、围裙、长袍、面罩、手术口罩和护目镜),其制造和分发量大大增加。根据用途的不同,制造这些设备会使用不同类型的塑料聚合物。然而,由于其中大多数塑料仍然是一次性塑料(SUP),它们根本不环保,最终会产生大量塑料废物。本文概述了目前流行的各种处理和处置这些高度污染的塑料废物的方法。在现有的塑料废物处理方法中,焚烧和填埋是最常见的方法,但这两种方法都对环境有负面影响。此外,还讨论了在进行任何处理之前对其进行消毒的众多方法。有几种新的分类技术可以帮助生产更纯净的聚合物,这些聚合物可以进行热或化学处理。微生物降解是目前备受关注且正在广泛研究的一种新颖方法,因为它具有生态优势、成本效益、易用性和可维护性。除了对这些方法进行审议外,还列举了针对不同方法的组合策略,以及针对处理这种对人类构成威胁的方法,研究生命周期评估以实现更循环的经济。